Taariixu Ruleet
Taariixu ruleet dafay jaar ci benn gëstu fisik bu antuwul, benn néegu fo ci Paris, ñaari doomi ndey ci benn dëkk bu ndox mu tàng ci Almaañ, ak kaasino bi def benn pax bu wert mu nekk sàrt ci Tugal.
Balaa wëndelukaay bi
- 1654
Pascal ak Fermat: laaju séddale pari bu dogu; njëg gi ñu séentu.
Njëg gi ñu Séentu ci Ruleet - 1655Wëndelukaay bu amul jubluwaay
Blaise Pascal, bi muy wut masin mu dul taxaw di yëngu, defar na wëndelukaay bu yem bu baax te di wëndelu. Masin mi antuwul; wëndelukaay bi des na, mu nekk jumtukaay bu bañ a xàcc te mel ni dafay jur lu ñu dul xam.
Blaise Pascal: Léebu Wëndelukaayu Ruleet - 1657
Huygens dafay génne téere bu njëkk ci li ñu séentu.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: yoonu lim yu bare.
Jege ci Yàgg: Yoonu Lim yu Mag yi ci Ruleet - atum 1740 yiRoly-poly ak E.O.
Kër yu fo yi ci Àngalteer dañuy wëndeel wëndelukaay yu am pax yu ñaar-ñaar ak yu dul ñaar-ñaar. Dañu tere fo yi yoon yu bare, looloo tax xeet yu wuute jàll ci Tugal.
Kan moo Sos Ruleet? Cosaanu Ruleet - 1754
d’Alembert dafay génne njuumte gi ñu mujjee tudde ko ni doxalin.
Pexe Pari D'Alembert ci Ruleet - 1758
Nouvelle-France (Quebec) dafay tere dé, hoca, faro ak “roulette”: benn ci kayit yi gën a yàgg yu tur woowu ci benn fowu pari.
- atum 1760 yi
“Martingale” dafay dugg ci baatukaay yu Farañse ni baatu paarikat.
Pexe Pari Martingale ci Ruleet
Fo bi
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Taalifu Jaques Lablée bu tudd La Roulette dafay wone wëndelukaay bu am ñaari pax yu kaasino, 0 ak 00, ci benn kër fo ci Palais-Royal. Lii mooy wone gu njëkk gu mat ci fo bu tey bi.
Ruleet ci Téere yi - atum 1800 yi
Wëndelukaay yu Amerig dañuy yokk pax bu jaxaay: ñetti nimero yu kaasino bi.
Wëndelukaay ak Sàrti Ruleetu Amerig - 1837
Farañse dafay tere kaasino yi; fo bi dafay toxu ci dëkki ndox mu tàng yu Almaañ.
- 1841
Mag ak rakk yu Blanc dañuy jël ndigëlu Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François ak Louis Blanc ubbi nañu kaasino ci dëkk bu ndox mu tàng ci Almaañ te dindi ñaari seero yi. Wëndelukaay bu am benn seero dafay xàjj njariñu kaasino ñaar te di yóbbu fowkat yi fu sore dëkk yu leen di bëre.
Bad Homburg ak Kaasinoy Dëkki Ndox yi - 1863Monte Carlo
Bi ñu teree fo ci Almaañ gépp, Blanc jël na kaasino bi ci Monaco bi doon sonn. Monte Carlo nekk na misaal ci ruleetu Tugal; benn seero bi mooy sàrtam.
Ruleetu Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg bu Dostoevsky - 1868
Yoonu saxaar dale Nice ba Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco dafay dindi galag ci peyoor.
- 1872
Prusse dafay tëj kaasino yu Almaañ yi.
Fowkat yi ak natt yi
- atum 1870 yi
Labouchère dafay siiwal doxalinu far ci London.
Pexe Pari Labouchère ci Ruleet - lu jege 1880Wëndelukaayu Jagger
Joseph Jagger, njaaykatu ndimo bu Yorkshire, dafa bindloo wëndelukaay yi ci Monte Carlo te teg pari ci nimero yi gën a génn. Gañ na alal ju bare; kaasino bi dafa soppi fi wëndelukaay yi nekk, ginnaaw gi mu soppi leen.
Joseph Jagger: Pexe Pari bi ci Monte Carlo - 1891Góor gi toj bànk bi
Charles Wells dafa jeexal jetoŋ yi ci benn taabal yoon yu bare ci fan yu néew, ba ñu def ci woy ci music-hall. Gëstu yi gisuñu benn doxalin, lu dul wërsëg ak, ginnaaw gi, nax ci beneen bérab.
Góor gi Toj Baŋk bi - 1900
Pearson dafay génne natt chi-square ak lim yu wëndelu yu Monte Carlo.
Natt Chi-Square - 1907
Farañse dafay nangu kaasino yi ci dëkki ndox mu tàng ak dëkki tefes.
- 1913
26 ñuul yu toppante ci Monte Carlo.
Njuumtey Paarikat - 1931
Nevada dafay nangu fowi kaasino.
Wëndelukaayu Ruleet yu Las Vegas - atum 1940 yi
Ulam ak von Neumann dañuy tudde doxalinu Monte Carlo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond dafay teg pari ci ñaari dosen ci ruleet.
Pexe Pari James Bond ci Ruleet - 1961
Thorp ak Shannon dañuy defar ordinatëer bu njëkk bu ñu mën a sol ngir ruleet.
Ordinatëeru Ruleet - 1965
Dubins ak Savage dañuy firnde ne pari bu fees mooy bi gën ci fo yu dul jub.
- 1969
Gëstu Thorp dafay leeral lu tax benn doxalinu pari mënul a daan fo bu njëg gi ñu séentu suufe seero.
Léeb: Pexe Pari bu Saa su Nekk di Gañ - 1977–81
Ordinatëer yu nëbbu yu Eudaemons yi ci Nevada: ci suufu poq ci 1978, ci biir dàll ci 1981.
Eudaemons yi - 1985
Nevada dafay def masin yuy wax lu ñëw ab tooñ. Bass dafay génne The Eudaemonic Pie.
Nax ci Ruleet
Fo bi ci jamono jii
- xarnu 20Dale ci dëkki ndox mu tàng ba ci ekraŋ yi
Ruleet dem na Las Vegas ak ñaari seero yi ñu delloo, ginnaaw gi ci taabal yu RNG ci internet ci atum 1990 yi ak ci wëndelukaay yu studio yu ñuy wone ci direct ci atum 2000 yi.
Ruleetu Tugal ak Ruleetu Amerig - atum 1990 yi
Njabootu García-Pelayo dañuy jariñoo wëndelukaay yu jubadi ci wetu Madrid; ñu tere leen dugg; yoon wi dafay far tere bi (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Doxalinu Ruleet bi - 1996
Kaasino yu njëkk ci internet yu am ruleet bu RNG.
Ruleet ci Direct ak Ruleet RNG - 2003–06
Ruleet ak croupier ci direct, ñuy wone ko dale ci istuudiyo yi; Riga ak Malta dañuy nekk diggu liggéey bi.
Nan la Ruleet ci Direct di Doxe - 2004
Mbooloo mi ci Ritz dañuy gañ £1,3m ci wax fu bal bi di dal; laser bi ñu wax ñu gisu ko mukk; tuumal kenn.
Fo ngir Am Njariñ ci Ruleet - 2005
UK Gambling Act: ndigël yu mat ngir pari ci internet.
Ruleet ci Àngalteer - 2012
Small ak Tse dañuy génne fisiku wax lu ruleet di indi.
Fisiku Wëndelukaayu Ruleet - 2013
New Jersey dafay ubbi kaasino yu am sàrt ci internet.
Ruleet ci Etaa-Sini - 2016
Ruleet bu ñetti seero ci Las Vegas Strip.
Ruleet ak Ñetti Seero - 2018
Tere bu nguuru Etaa-Sini ci pari ci po yu taggat-yaram dañu ko far; diwaan yi dañuy def seen yoon.
- 2021
Almaañ ak Olaand dañuy jox ndigël fowi kaasino ci internet.
Ruleet ci Tugal - 2026
Situ bii: bépp bés bi ci kaw, ak xayma ji.
Benn rëdd bi am solo
Ci ñaari xarnu ak genn-wàll, kotu ruleet soppiku na benn yoon ngir jariñ fowkat bi (1843, ñu dindi benn seero) te ñaari yoon ci kawam (jaxaay bi ci atum 1800 yi, ñetti seero yi ci 2016). Leneen lépp, doxalin yi, ordinatëer yi, istuudiyo yi, leer yi, bàyyi nañu xayma ji fa Lablée gis ko: 36/n − 1 ci wëndelukaay bu am benn pax bu ëpp loolu.
Laaj yi
Bu Pascal. Gëstu yu mu def ci wëndelukaay dëgg lañu; lëkkalo gi ak ruleet cosaan la rekk.
Ci biir xarnu 19; toftalin bu Tugal bi ñu jëfandikoo tey moo doon bi ñépp aju ci jamonoy Monte Carlo.
Xéy-na benn bés bu ñeel sàrt yi. Wëndelukaay bi mat na.
Ngistal ngir ree
Ñaari xarnu ak genn-wàll, benn jëm-kanam, ñaari dellu-ginnaaw, nettali yu bare.
Cosaan yi
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.